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New Bioink for 3D Printing and Protein Therapy

June 6th, 2019 Conn Hastings Materials

Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a 3D-printable hydrogel bioink containing mineral nanoparticles that can deliver protein therapeutics to control cell behavior. The material does not provoke the immune system and the researchers hope that it could be useful in replacing damaged tissues for regenerative medicine.

3D printing is a promising method for creating cellular constructs with specific shapes and morphologies. These can function as implants that would allow damaged or missing tissues to regenerate. However, 3D printing structures containing delicate cells, or molecules that can control cellular behavior, such as growth factor proteins, is challenging. This requires researchers to balance the physiological needs and sensitivity of biological materials with the physical constraints of a 3D printing system.

Printed constructs also need to be suitable for implantation, meaning that they need to have the correct mechanical properties and shouldn’t provoke the immune system after implantation. These challenges inspired this group of Texas A&M researchers to develop a new bioink for 3D printed constructs.

The bioink contains polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer component that is non-immunogenic, and so is highly suited for implantable materials. However, PEG is typically not applicable to 3D printing, as it is not viscous enough when in solution. The researchers solved this by combining PEG with mineral nanoparticles, called nanoclay, which made the resulting mixture more printable. The bioink is injectable and it quickly stops flowing and cures in place once in position. These properties make it highly suited for 3D printing.

The resulting structures allowed cells to grow within them. The nanoclay also has another benefit in the constructs – it allows for proteins, such as growth factors, to be incorporated in the structures for long-term protein therapy. “This formulation using nanoclay sequesters the therapeutic of interest for increased cell activity and proliferation,” said Charles W. Peak, a researcher involved in the study. “In addition, the prolonged delivery of the bioactive therapeutic could improve cell migration within 3D printed scaffolds and can help in rapid vascularization of scaffolds.”

In the future, researchers may be able to print new tissues and organs for regenerative medicine. Identifying the optimal materials to achieve this is an important stepping stone towards this goal.

Study in Advanced Healthcare Materials: Printing Therapeutic Proteins in 3D using Nanoengineered Bioink to Control and Direct Cell Migration

Via: Texas A&M

Conn Hastings

Conn Hastings received a PhD from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland for his work in drug delivery, investigating the potential of injectable hydrogels to deliver cells, drugs and nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. After achieving his PhD and completing a year of postdoctoral research, Conn pursued a career in academic publishing, before becoming a full-time science writer and editor, combining his experience within the biomedical sciences with his passion for written communication.

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