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A More Effective Imaging Method for Prostate Cancer

January 16th, 2015 Joshua Chen News

Biopsy_forPress

Images from the planning software used for targeted biopsy. The tumor is drawn in blue on anatomic imaging overlaid with A) perfusion data and B) RSI-MRI data. The H&E stained histology after prostatectomy D) shows the true boundary of the tumor outline in blue. A 3-D rendering C) of the whole prostate (green) and the tumor (yellow) shows the spatial position of the tumor within the prostate. RSI-MRI identified a suspicious area which after biopsy and prostatectomy was proven to be high grade tumor. As shown, the tumor is barely visible in conventional imaging. Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, UC San Diego

Prostate cancer can spread beyond the prostate gland and become an extraprostatic extension (EPE). Currently, contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to detect and diagnose prostate cancer. This technique involves injecting patients with a contrast agent to identify where blood flows. This is important because cancerous tissues often undergo angiogenesis. However, there is a problem in that tumors are sometimes indistinguishable from the surrounding healthy tissue and therefore avoid detection. Now researchers and doctors at UC San Diego and UCLA have developed a novel approach to imaging these tumors using diffusion MRI while getting rid of the distortions that come with the technique.

EPE

RSI-MRI imaging showing biopsy proven high-grade cancer with extension into the right seminal vesicle (arrow). There is also a region of enhanced RSI signal in the right pubic bone showing a likely focus of metastatic cancer.   The extension into the right seminal vesicle and likely metastatic bone disease has implications for subsequent treatment. Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, UC San Diego

Diffusion MRI measures the diffusion of water in biological tissue. Tumors are denser than healthy tissue and thus restrict the flow of water. The downside to diffusion MRI is that it is susceptible to magnetic artifacts which are distortions in the MR image due to inhomogeneities in the field. Water is an inhomogeneity because it is considered a diamagnetic substance. These distortions can place tumors as much as a half inch (1.2 centimeters) away from the actual location, which can be a major problem. To correct the error, the researchers developed a new imaging method called RSI-MRI, or restriction spectrum imaging-MRI. This approach adjusts for the magnetic field distortions and measures the water diffusion in cancer cells. This technique can also predict tumor grade. In the study, RSI-MRI was able to successfully identify eight out of nine patients with EPE whereas the standard MRI used currently only identified two out of nine.

UCSD: Novel Imaging Technique Improves Prostate Cancer Detection…

Study in Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases: Novel technique for characterizing prostate cancer utilizing MRI restriction spectrum imaging…

More info on Restriction Spectrum Imaging: A Restriction Spectrum IMaging Method and Device for Probing Tissue Microstructure…

Joshua Chen

A student at University of California, Berkeley studying bioengineering, Josh Chen is an avid researcher passionate about 3D printing, stem cells, neuroscience, biomaterials, nanotechnology and so much more. He hopes to take aspects in engineering and combine it with medicine to improve the quality of lives of others by creating low cost solutions to solve large-scale medical problems in the future. As Josh closely follows new therapies and technologies, he is inspired by the monumental work that scientists do each and every day. Josh has worked on various projects including a miRNA cancer research, high-throughput drug screening tests for Parkinson's disease, and currently working on substrate cellular interactions.

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