Newly Discovered Signaling Pathways That Regulate Artery Formation Foreshadow Novel Vascular Therapies

Scientists at Yale University believe they have discovered the signaling mechanism at work during artery formation, which may end up being used to control the growth of replacement arteries for people with coronary stenoses, etc. Until now, scientists have focused on growth factors as tools to control vessel formation, but the new research provides a direct signaling mechanism that’s already proving to be more effective.

Coronary arteries can become blocked with plaque, leading to a decrease in the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Over time this blockage can lead to debilitating chest pain or heart attack. Severe blockages in multiple major vessels may require coronary artery bypass graft surgery, a major invasive surgery.
“Successfully growing new arteries could provide a biological option for patients facing bypass surgery,” said lead author of the study, Michael Simons, M.D., chief of the Section of Cardiology at Yale School of Medicine.
In the past, researchers used growth factors—proteins that stimulate the growth of cells—in an attempt to grow new arteries, but this method was unsuccessful. Simons and his team studied mice and zebrafish to see if they could simulate arterial formation by switching on and off two signaling pathways: ERK1/2 and PI3K.
“We found that there is cross-talk between the two signaling pathways. One half of the signaling pathway inhibits the other. When we disable the inhibitor mechanism, we are able to grow arteries,” said Simons. “Instead of using growth factors, we stopped the inhibitor mechanism by using a drug that targets a particular enzyme called PI3-kinase inhibitor.”
“Because we’ve located this inhibitory pathway, this opens the possibility of developing a new class of medication to grow new arteries,” Simons added. “The next step is to test this finding in a human clinical trial.”

Full story from Yale: New Method to Grow Arteries Could Lead to “Biological Bypass” for Heart Disease …
Full article in The Journal of Clinical Investigation: ERK1/2-Akt1 crosstalk regulates arteriogenesis in mice and zebrafish