The Future Depends on Creeping Wave Sensors

Engineers at Queen’s University Belfast are developing compact, cost effective and efficient wearable sensors to provide wireless 24/7 monitoring of patients.
From a statement by the Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology at Queen’s:

The use of biosensors attached to the body for health monitoring is not new; though antennas that enable such devices to be linked together efficiently on a patient’s body without wires are currently too uncomfortable to wear for a long time because they need to be large in order to maximise the strength of the signal being received. They can be reduced in size but this leads to the antenna being less efficient, meaning that the battery powering the device has to be recharged more frequently.
Now, experts in antennas and bioelectromagnetics from The Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT) at Queen’s, with funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), have developed new types of antenna that get round these limitations…
The new types of antenna are the first in the world to deliberately harness the so-called ‘creeping wave’ effect. With a conventional on-body antenna the majority of the signal is transmitted either away from the patient or inwards, where it is absorbed by the patient’s body which weakens the signal. The rest of the signal, though, hugs the skin’s surface and ‘creeps’ round the body where it is picked up by the control unit.
Only a small amount of the signal behaves in this ‘creeping’ way and so its overall strength has to be increased to allow enough of it to reach the control unit. Although traditional antenna designs can be used, they are physically large and typically protrude up to 4cm from the body surface for the frequency bands used by systems such as WiFi. Reducing the size leads to poor system efficiency.
The new antennas developed at Queen’s solve these problems. They are specifically designed to accentuate the creeping wave effect by maximising the amount of signal radiated out to the antenna’s side, rather than inwards and outwards. They are up to 50 times more efficient than previously available designs of the same dimensions. Due to the lower power requirement resulting from this step change in on-body performance and efficiency, the Queen’s team has succeeded in reducing antenna thickness from 34mm to less than 5mm thick for their new patch antenna.
The antennas can therefore be fitted almost anywhere on the patient without causing significant inconvenience and are sufficiently low-profile to be incorporated into clothing or worn as part of a wound dressing. One Queen’s design is now the subject of a patent application, with more anticipated.
The unique design of the new antennas could unlock the full potential of emerging ‘wireless body area network’ (WBAN) technology. A WBAN is a network of biosensors attached to different parts of a patient’s body. Patients wearing a WBAN could carry on with their normal lives – the doctor remotely monitoring the data gathered by the network would simply contact them to arrange appointments when needed.

Press release: Innovative antennas from Queen’s signal ‘new wave’ in healthcare provision…