In the latest Current Biology, Paul Breslin from Monell Chemical Senses Center and Alan Spector from the Department of Psychology, Florida State University, have a nice review of human taste perception and its biology. The review covers the latest understanding of physiology involved (neurology, anatomy, biochemistry, etc) in how the sweet, bitter, umami , and everything in between, is processed by the body to give us these terrific subjective feelings.
Read: Mammalian taste perception Current Biology, Vol 18, R148-R155, 26 February 2008