Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves That Grow with Patient

Virna Sales, MD and colleagues at the Department of Cardiac Surgery at Children’s Hospital Boston developed tissue-engineered cardiac valves that once transplanted will grow together with the patient. Their work is being reported in today’s Circulation. Medgadget had a news flash about this story back on August 22.
From the statement by Children’s Hospital Boston:

The researchers, led by Sales and senior investigator John Mayer, MD, in Children’s Department of Cardiac Surgery, first isolated endothelial progenitor cells (precursors of the cells that line blood vessel walls) from the blood of laboratory animals. They then “seeded” the cells onto tiny, valve-shaped biodegradable molds and pre-coated with proteins found in the natural “matrix” that surrounds and supports cells.
Experimenting with different matrix proteins and growth factors, they were able to make pulmonary valve leaflets that had the right mechanical properties — sturdy yet pliable. Tests showed the original cells had differentiated to form both endothelial cells and smooth-muscle-like cells and added to the surrounding matrix to hold them together.
With grants from the American Heart Association and the Cambridge, Mass.-based Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT), Sales is now refining the lab-grown valves by exposing them to mechanical stress in a bioreactor. She is also using a “cardiac jelly” — a cushiony material rich in matrix components and growth factors — to encourage cells to differentiate and form a heart valve on their own, with only minimal reliance on an artificial scaffold. “I would like to mimic what really happens in the embryo — what Mother Nature does,” she says. The next step would be to implant the living valves into animals.
Sales and surgical research fellow Bret Mettler, MD, have already used tiny tissue-engineered patches in sheep to rebuild a portion of the pulmonary artery — an area that often needs augmentation in patients with congenital heart disease. Eventually, Sales hopes to use tissue-engineering techniques to create “living stents” for adults with atherosclerosis.

Press release: A step toward tissue-engineered heart structures for children …