Friday, July 29, 2005
Down the Drain with STDs
Filed under: Diagnostics
Via Gizmodo, news about a stylish new way of testing for STD's:
Recently graduated designer Malcolm Kimberley has decided to take your health seriously. His Pistake Urinal takes samples of your urine, analyses them for sexually transmitted diseases, and sends the results to your cell phone via Bluetooth.
So much to say about this -- first, we like the name of the urinal, which may entymologically refer to the pistachio shape of the sculpture (or, more likely, the method of providing a sample). It's also a great idea to get medical results to people when it's most relevant, especially if this is installed in clubs and bars.
Finally, we like the idea of bathrooms communicating with your phone -- someday, toilets will send text message reminders when we forget to flush.
More from Malcolm Kimberly's design site...
UPDATE: Mr. Kimberly writes to inform us that the name of the installation is Relief, the working title was not changed in time for printing.
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Friday, July 29, 2005
New DNA Tests on Tap to I.D. Bad Microbes
Filed under: Diagnostics
, Medicine
A new test from researchers at the Agricultural Research Service in Peoria, Illinois opens new diagnostic opportunities in infectious diseases:
Now, ARS scientists in Peoria, Illinois, have devised a new DNA-based approach for identifying these pathogens that's faster, easier to use, and more precise than some currently used methods.For example, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is considered the gold standard for genetically identifying L. monocytogenes bacteria that cause food poisoning. But PFGE is difficult to run, takes about 3 days, and has several disadvantages that complicate efforts to determine the relationships between different isolates.
In contrast, "Our method can be performed in a single day," says microbiologist Todd Ward, at ARS's National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, in Peoria, "and can target single nucleotide variations within specific genes..."
On the medical front, the test may enable hospital clinicians to cast a broader net for the 30 to 40 Candida species that can cause human infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Page says the various culture-plate testing methods now used to diagnose Candida infection are limited to a few species--notably C. albicans--and the turnaround time is 24 hours to a few weeks, delaying treatment. Genetic fingerprinting tests used in some labs may be faster, but they too detect only a few Candida species.
By comparison, the test from Kurtzman's unit identifies 32 total species--simultaneously and in less than 5 hours.
In a machine called a "flow cytometer," which can handle up to 100 samples at a time, molecules called "probes" find and bind to corresponding pieces of species-specific DNA. The researchers created the probes using DNA-sequence information from their unit's microbial-genomics database. The probes have a fluorescent marker that tells the cytometer which DNA sequence was detected. The machine clearly displays the species' identity as color-coded bar graphs.
More...
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Now Hear This: LabCyte Acoustic Transferrance
Filed under: Diagnostics
All you pipette-heads out there, listen up: MIT's Technology Review pointed us in the direction of Labcyte, an innovative new company looking to shrink the lab. One tool they've developed eliminates the need for cumbersome pipetting into those 96-well (or 384-well!) plates. Their technology actually uses ultrasound to move liquids around, without contact:
To keep down their costs during the drug discovery process, companies and universities are turning to miniaturization processes. But there's a catch: standard lab equipment was not designed for dispensing tiny traces of substances. Labcyte has developed a proprietary technology for using focused acoustics, or ultrasound, to precisely transfer droplets down to 2.5 nanoliters. By transferring compounds directly into assay plates, the technology eliminates the need for tips, washing, and intermediate dilutions. Their system retails for around $225,000.According to the company, six major pharmaceutical companies have purchased its systems, including GlaxoSmithKline and Astro Zeneca, as well as schools, including Vanderbilt University. Clients report improved results in the form of time savings, according to the company, which leads to a return on investment in the new equipment within about a year. Labcyte also expects to deploy its acoustic technologies for nano-dispensing liquids in the fields of genomics and proteomics.
More at Labcyte...
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Volunteers Needed For Inhaled Insulin Study
Filed under:
We usually don't post about public service announcements. This time we will make an exception.
Indiana University seeks volunteers with type 1 diabetes to participate in a clinical trial for inhaled insulin.To qualify, participants must have had diabetes for at least 24 months and use at least two pre-meal insulin injections daily. Participants cannot be on an insulin pump, smoke, nor have asthma, COPD or cystic fibrosis.
Call 317-274-3948 for more info.
The press release...
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The Madness of King George
Filed under: the good old days...
King George the III presided over an important time in British history -- 1760 to 1820. He kept the UK secure during the Napoleonic Wars. He lost the American colonies. And, on five occasions throughout his reign, he lost his mind.
Scholars have attributed the madness of King George to a hereditary disorder of heme synthesis, called porphyria. Heme is the important iron-carrying component of the hemoglobin protein, and its oxygenation gives blood its red color.
In fact, the complicated heme synthetic pathway can go wrong at a number of steps, and thus, there are at least seven kinds of porphyria. Each is a little different, but some of George's family seems to be afflicted with variegate porphyria, due to a faulty protoporphyrin oxidase gene. During intermittent attacks, symptoms often included extreme skin sensitivity to sunlight, excessive hair growth, GI symptoms, seizures, and hallucinations.
(About twenty years ago, a fantastic notion was advanced: what if the vampires of European lore were porphyria victims? In addition to the sunlight-sensitivity thing, they had paleness, and a thirst for blood. This was taught to some of us in biochemistry class, but we weren't given the straight dope.)
No one's saying that George was a vampire (though the Colonials did ascribe to him some monstrous tendencies in the Declaration of Independence). But the severity and duration of his attacks seems excessive for porphyria.
Recently, researchers writing in the Lancet offered an explanation:
We report the analysis of hair obtained from George III. Although no genomic DNA could be obtained, metal analysis revealed high concentrations of arsenic. Since arsenic interferes with haem metabolism, it might have contributed to the King's unusually severe and prolonged bouts of illness. We have identified sources of arsenic in the context of the medication George III received from physicians.
The sources of arsenic were described in the paper, and in the news:
...there is little information available to account for the unusual persistence, severity, and late onset of attacks. One possible explanation is exposure to heavy metals, including lead and mercury.Martin Warren (University of Kent, UK) and colleagues ... found that the principal compound administered to the King during his illness was emetic tartar. Emetic tartar contains a substance called antimony, which can be contaminated with arsenic.
The authors believe that the King's medication was the source of the arsenic found in the hair sample.
Professor Warren states: "The presence of arsenic in a sample of the King's hair provides a plausible explanation for the length and severity of his attacks of illness; and contamination of his antimonial medications is the probable source of the arsenic. We propose that exposure to arsenic would exacerbate attacks of porphyria in a genetically predisposed individual."
So, the doctors' therapy worsened the King's condition. Of course, there are other instances of leaders brought down by health authorities in history.
In 1994, a movie about King George's bouts with madness was released. In the UK, it was called "The Madness of George III". There's a persistent rumor that the US title was changed to "The Madness of King George", in part because Americans might mistake the "III" as referring to a sequel or nonexistent trilogy.
We think that's exactly the kind of hubris that led to the Revolution. Will the British ever stop underestimating us? It's obvious that this movie occurs in the middle of a series, and the prequels haven't been made yet.
That's all for this week. Enjoy the weekend and see you Monday!
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Thursday, July 28, 2005
MIT Creates Chemotherapy-Loaded Nanoparticles
Filed under: Nanomedicine
, Oncology
The new nanoparticle specifically targets neoplastic cells with double action:
The dual-chamber, double-acting, drug-packing "nanocell" proved effective and safe, with prolonged survival, against two distinct forms of cancers-melanoma and Lewis lung cancer-in mice.The work will be reported in the July 28 issue of Nature, with an accompanying commentary.
"We brought together three elements: cancer biology, pharmacology and engineering," said Ram Sasisekharan, a professor in MIT's Biological Engineering Division and leader of the research team.
"The fundamental challenges in cancer chemotherapy are its toxicity to healthy cells and drug resistance by cancer cells," Sasisekharan said. "So cancer researchers were excited about anti-angiogenesis," the theory that cutting off the blood supply can starve tumors to death. That strategy can backfire, however, because it also starves tumor cells of oxygen, prompting them to create new blood vessels and instigate metastasis and other self-survival activities.
The next obvious solution would be combining chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis-dropping the bombs while cutting the supply lines. But combination therapy confronted an inherent engineering problem. "You can't deliver chemotherapy to tumors if you have destroyed the vessels that take it there," Sasisekharan said. Also, the two drugs behave differently and are delivered on different schedules: anti-angiogenics over a prolonged period and chemotherapy in cycles.
"We designed the nanocell keeping these practical problems in mind," he said. Using ready-made drugs and materials, "we created a balloon within a balloon, resembling an actual cell," explains Shiladitya Sengupta, a postdoctoral associate in Sasisekharan's laboratory...
The team loaded the outer membrane of the nanocell with an anti-angiogenic drug and the inner balloon with chemotherapy agents. A "stealth" surface chemistry allows the nanocells to evade the immune system, while their size (200 nanometers) makes them preferentially taken into the tumor. They are small enough to pass through tumor vessels, but too large for the pores of normal vessels.
Once the nanocell is inside the tumor, its outer membrane disintegrates, rapidly deploying the anti-angiogenic drug. The blood vessels feeding the tumor then collapse, trapping the loaded nanoparticle in the tumor, where it slowly releases the chemotherapy.
The team tested this model in mice. The double-loaded nanocell shrank the tumor, stopped angiogenesis and avoided systemic toxicity much better than other treatment and delivery variations.
More at MIT News Office...
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Blog Depression Pamphlet Is Here
Filed under: not funny
The NONIST believes that there is a growing epidemic:
there is a growing epidemic in the cyberworld. a scourge which causes more suffering with each passing day. as blogging has exploded and, under the stewardship of the veterans, the form has matured more and more bloggers are finding themselves disillusioned, dissatisfied, taking long breaks, and in many cases simply closing up shop. this debilitating scourge ebbs and flows but there is hardly a blogger among us who has not felt it's dark touch. we're speaking, of course, about blog depression.
Pamphlet website (press on Read More)...
(hat tip: Textually.org)
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Study: Echinacea Has No Effect on Colds
Filed under: in the news...
Echinacea takes a beating in a large study published in the NEJM.
More at the New York Times...
The abstract...
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8T DAZE of Compliance
Filed under: Medicine
, Pediatrics
8TDAZE is the mobile SMS compliance program, created by PediaMed--The Pediatrics Company™, for Allergan's TAZORAC® (Tazarotene) Cream 0.1%. The TAZORAC®, a topical retinoid indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris, requires good compliance among patients in order to achieve the best results. Hence the 8T DAZE for teens:
For the best results when treating acne with TAZORAC® Cream 0.1%, use the product as directed by your doctor. You should start to see results in just 4 weeks, but for best results, stick with it for about 80 days. While 80 days may seem like a long time at first, it's not so bad when you think about having only one face for the rest of your life, right?So...to help you through the 80 days, we decided to help you out with 8T DAZE — where TAZORAC® Cream 0.1% users like you can receive free ringtones and wallpapers for your cell phone.
Just pick out a member from the T Crew (T for TAZORAC®) and they'll send you a text every other week or so for the next 80 days. Your text message will tell you how to download your free ringtone or wallpaper.
R U READY 4 UR 8T DAZE?
8T DAZE press release...
(hat tip: Textually.org)
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Wednesday, July 27, 2005
VeriChip and the End Times
Filed under: Society
One of the most coveted email addresses on the internet is undoubtedly the Medgadget tip line, or, as we like to call it, the "Inbox of the Future." Aside from the groundbreaking new products that come to our attention (and the desperate pleas for Nigerian bank transfers), we get some interesting notices of petitions and protests.
Yesterday, John Conner, leader of TheResistanceManifesto.com (and pictured at right as a boy) informed us of the boycott against VeriChip, the RFID makers we featured last week (and on other occasions). Conner and many like him are convinced that implanted using radio-frequency identification (RFID) for transactions is described in the Bible, as a precondition for the end times.
Apparently this is a widespread movement with the support of serious Christians. From a recent Wired article:
Albrecht fears that retailers will match the data emitted by the tags with their customers' information, turning each tag into a potential tracking beacon. She also suspects the government will want access to the retailers' RFID databases.But one aspect of Albrecht's anti-RFID crusade has been attracting a lot of attention from other privacy groups: her religious beliefs... she believes that RFID technology may be part of the fulfillment of the Mark of the Beast prophesied in the Book of Revelation.
In Revelations 13:16-18, it is written:
And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.
We, too, are wary of the potential for privacy invasion. And if the Lord works in mysterious ways, we can accept Satan does, too. But we're not sure what's more far-fetched: RFID chips triggering Armageddon, or the notion that Armageddon can be halted by a consumer boycott.
Still, we wish success to the proponents of privacy, and suggest a phrase for the boycotters: "Keep Government Out of Our Bodies."
Pray for us on Judgment Day.
More at Snopes.com and VeriChip...
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Traffic Congestion, Lung Congestion
Filed under: Public Health
Not since WKRP have people been so focused on the air in Cincinnati, but new research from the University of Cincinnati is shedding light on the epidemic of inner-city asthma:
The researchers tracked the respiratory health of 622 infants living near three traffic conditions: highway traffic, "stop and go" traffic, and areas unexposed to major roads or bus routes. A "stop and go" traffic area was defined as being within 100 meters (about 100 yards) of a bus or state route with a posted speed limit of 50 mph or less.Research showed that infants living within 100 meters of "stop and go" traffic wheezed twice as often as those living within 400 meters (about 400 yards) of interstates, and more than three times as often as unexposed children...
..."Traditional wisdom told us that highway traffic was to blame. We now know that's not necessarily the case."
Earlier research has shown that diesel exhaust particles (DEP), breathable particles able to absorb and transport proteins, aggravate rhinitis (hayfever) and asthma symptoms.
We were always under the impression that the asthma rates were highest in inner cities, not simply near car traffic. Thus, this finding seems like correlation, rather than causation (inner cities feature both stop-and-go traffic and asthma, though one doesn't necessarily cause the other).
Still, we're excited by the prospect that gadgets (in this case, diesel oxidation catalysts, like the one pictured above) could lead to a reduction in childhood wheezing. Dr. Johnny Fever could not be reached for comment.
More from the EPA's Diesel Retrofitting program...
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Opto-Electronic Tweezers for Cell Manipulation
Filed under: Diagnostics
Out of Berkeley comes news of a new way to sort cells using 'optoelectronic tweezers':
The UC Berkeley engineers found a way to get the best of both worlds by transforming optical energy to electrical energy through the use of a photoconductive surface. The idea is similar to that used in the ubiquitous office copier machine. In xerography, a document is scanned and transferred onto a photosensitive drum, which attracts dyes of carbon particles that are rolled onto a piece of paper to reproduce the image.In this case, the researchers use a photosensitive surface made of amorphous silicon, a common material used in solar cells and flat-panel displays. Microscopic polystyrene particles suspended in a liquid were sandwiched between a piece of glass and the photoconductive material. Wherever light would hit the photosensitive material, it would behave like a conducting electrode, while areas not exposed to light would behave like a non-conducting insulator. Once a light source is removed, the photosensitive material returns to normal.
They compare this new technique favorably to recent advances in cell manipulation with optic tweezers or electric fields. One obvious comparison that was missed is the fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS). When it comes to sorting live vs. dead cells, or sorting based on size, like Wu's lab does, FACS is a proven technology. What makes this Berkeley finding really special, though, is that the cells can be kept in their culture environment while sorted. FACS was far more disruptive -- a fact some of us lamented during our research years...
More from Dr. Ming Wu's article in this week's Nature...
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Wired News: Nanotech Moves Closer to Cure
Filed under: Nanomedicine
Excellent article by Howard Lovy at Wired News looks at nanoparticle vectors for genetic material delivery. Also, here's for those of you who've missed it two days ago: Nanoparticles Deliver Genes to Brains of Living Mice.
Good grey goo stuff!
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Heat Spreader for Epileptic Seizure Treatment
Filed under: Neurology
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers are developing a tiny implantable "refrigerator" that is designed to detect and then interrupt the epileptic activity in the brain through cooling:
The heat spreader being developed at Rensselaer utilizes a phase-change heat process, the same mechanism that the human body uses to cool itself, to transfer and distribute heat in the brain. The fundamental principal behind the operation of the heat spreader is evaporation and condensation, similar to perspiration. Using a pure substance, saturated conditions are created inside the heat pipe, resulting in evaporation in the heated regions. Heat entering the pipe turns the liquid water to vapor, which is forced along the pipe by high pressure where it is condensed in the cooler regions. The dissipated heat is then pushed out of the heat pipe, and the wicking structure pumps the liquid back to the evaporator."The heat spreader we created for this implant device acts as a very efficient thermal conductor, spreading and releasing the heat without minimal temperature increase, thereby preventing any potential tissue damage to the brain," said Peterson. "The brain can tolerate temperature reductions on the order of 18 to 20°C without sustaining permanent damage. However, the brain cannot tolerate temperature increases over 0.5°C. This requires that the heat both absorbed and generated by the device be spread across a much larger surface area."
Implanted on the neocortex of the brain, close to where erratic electrical activity is causing the epileptic seizure, the implant device is designed to detect the unusual level of electrical activity that accompanies these types of seizures. The implant device then is activated to cool a small area of the brain from approximately 38°C (100°F) to 20°C (68°F) to render that part of the brain temporarily non-functional and seizure-free, according to researchers.
More at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute News....
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Hearwear -- The Future of Hearing
Filed under: ENT
RNID, the charity representing 9 million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK, in association with the design magazine Blueprint, is organizing an exhibit to showcase the future of hearing aids. On display at Hearwear is the future of hearing aids for everyone, not just the deaf:
Imagine having a remote control you could use to instantly block out the sound of noisy builders or a screaming child; or a product that allows you to hold a clear conversation in a noisy bar. The display includes stylish and attractive hearing products, some almost like jewellery, that people not only need but will really want to wear.The Hearwear display shows how revolutionary thinking about hearing could be reflected in exciting new product designs and highlights the massive potential for industry to create innovative, stylish and desirable hearing products which, if they were available on the high street, millions of people would want to purchase and use.
Exhibit website...
More coolness at the BBC: images, article...
RNID website...
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Vision: In the Blink of an Eye
Filed under: in the news...
A team from University College London has asked a question of what happens in the brain during an eye blink. We blink 10-15 times per minute, with each nictation lasting 100-150 milliseconds. During that time, the light input is interrupted, without us even noticing it. To study the effects of blinking on the brain, the team used trans-illumination of retina through the palatine bone technique. It turns out that parts of the brain are actually "turned off" during the blink. To read more, either go to the BBC News article or the original article by Davina Bristow, et al. in Current Biology.; or the accompanying editorial by David Burr (Universita di Firenze).
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Machines, software model helping to create better spinal implants
Filed under: Neurological Surgery
, Orthopedic Surgery
Interesting research is being pursued by a team out of the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering at Purdue University. Using hydraulic machines and software, the research aims to improve physiologic performance and duration of spinal implants:
Implants are attached to spines from cadavers, and then the spines are tested in the Purdue Spine Simulator, a hydraulic machine that recreates the spine's natural movements and shows how the implants stand up to everyday activities.Data from the experiments also are being used to validate a complex computer model, which companies will use to test implants. The software is a "finite element model," an application widely used in industry that contains a series of geometric shapes, such as rectangles and triangles, each providing specific data describing a part's strength and other characteristics.
"Creating implants for the spine presents interesting challenges, different from those encountered in implants for other parts of the body, such as the hips and knees," said Eric Nauman, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering.
Some implants made of titanium and other materials are used to treat conditions such as arthritis, in cases when a portion of the spine has been removed. Bracket-like implants called "pedicle bridges" help to keep the spine stable after the diseased portion has been removed. Other implants include artificial disks to replace disks that are damaged from wear or disease in the lower back and cervical region.
One of the machines designed by the Purdue engineers is used specifically to test implants for the cervical spine.
"There is much more movement in the cervical spine than in the lumbar portion, so what we are primarily testing with this machine is how well implants will stand up to wear over a period of about 10 years," said Shreekant Gayakar, a graduate student in mechanical engineering. "We are replicating the range of motions seen in the human neck."
The machine tests ball-and-socket-like implants such as the ones inserted during surgeries to replace damaged parts in the cervical spine.
"In order for implants to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it has to be shown that they can last 10 million cycles, or 10 million movements, which translates into about 10 years of living," Hillberry said. "Our goal is to complete 10 million cycles over a four-month period."
More at Purdue University...
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Medicare's Chronic Wasting Disease
Filed under: Society
The last of three parts is up at WaPo.
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Tuesday, July 26, 2005
Medicare's Chronic Wasting Disease
Filed under: Society
The Washington Post's part two in the series that examines the problems of the federal insurance program is here.
NOTE: Because of our server failure this morning, we were forced to limit our postings today. Expanded medgadget coverage is coming tomorrow...
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» PNAS Press Policy Point (July 26, 2005)
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» FDA approves OphthoCare's Lazy Eye Therapy (July 25, 2005)
» Medical Scans Can Trip Airport Radiation Detectors (July 25, 2005)
» Leica M844 F19 (July 25, 2005)
» Nanoparticles Deliver Genes to Brains of Living Mice (July 25, 2005)
» Medicare's Chronic Wasting Disease (July 25, 2005)
» Sandia Completes Depleted Uranium Study (July 25, 2005)
» Onyx Liquid Embolic Approved by FDA (July 22, 2005)
» Alzheimer's Patients Need Glasses, Too (July 22, 2005)
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» USA Today Investigates Medevacs (July 22, 2005)
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» ¡No Pasarán! (July 22, 2005)
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» Ben Franklin and the Bifocal (July 22, 2005)
» RFID in the Nursery (July 21, 2005)
» By Any Other Name (July 21, 2005)
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» Ankle Brace to Prevent Falls (July 21, 2005)
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» Stabi-Line: No More Kinks (July 13, 2005)
» Brace Yourself: Hormones to Augment Orthodontics (July 13, 2005)
» The PediPump™ (July 12, 2005)
» The Accordion Pill (July 12, 2005)
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» NYT on Musical Hallucinations (July 12, 2005)
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